*Tanzania, Geography Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean between Kenya and Mozambique Map references: Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World Area: total area: 945,090 km2 land area: 886,040 km2 comparative area: slightly larger than twice the size of California note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar Land boundaries: total 3,402 km, Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km Coastline: 1,424 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south Natural resources: hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 40% forest and woodland: 47% other: 7% Irrigated land: 1,530 km2 (1989 est.) Environment: lack of water and tsetse fly limit agriculture; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa *Tanzania, People Population: 27,286,363 (July 1993 est.) Population growth rate: 2.56% (1993 est.) Birth rate: 45.66 births/1,000 population (1993 est.) Death rate: 19.02 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.) Net migration rate: -1.06 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.) Infant mortality rate: 110.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 44 years male: 42.19 years female: 45.87 years (1993 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.25 children born/woman (1993 est.) Nationality: noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian Ethnic divisions: mainland: native African 99% (consisting of well over 100 tribes) Asian, European, and Arab 1% Zanzibar: NA Religions: mainland: Christian 40%, Muslim 33%, indigenous beliefs 25% Zanzibar: Muslim Languages: Swahili (official; widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups and is used in primary education), English (official; primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education) note: first language of most people is one of the local languages Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1978) total population: 46% male: 62% female: 31% Labor force: 732,200 wage earners by occupation: agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1986 est.) *Tanzania, Government Names: conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Digraph: TZ Type: republic Capital: Dar es Salaam note: some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s Administrative divisions: 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi Independence: 26 April 1964 Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964 Constitution: 15 March 1984 (Zanzibar has its own constitution but remains subject to provisions of the union constitution) Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Union Day, 26 April (1964) Political parties and leaders: Chama Chr Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI; Civic United Front (CUF), James MAPALALA; National Committee for Constitutional Reform (NCCK), Mabere MARANDO; Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), Abdullah FUNDIKIRA; Democratic Party (DP), Christopher Mtikila Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Elections: President: last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition National Assembly: last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - CCM was the only party; seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168 Executive branch: president, first vice president and prime minister of the union, second vice president and president of Zanzibar, Cabinet Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Bunge) Judicial branch: Court of Appeal, High Court *Tanzania, Government Leaders: Chief of State: President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985); First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990); Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990) Head of Government: Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990) Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Musama NYIRABU chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-6125 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Peter Jon DE VOS embassy: 36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: [255] (51) 66010/13 FAX: [255] (51) 66701 Flag: divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue *Tanzania, Economy Overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-92 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold. National product: GDP - exchange rate conversion - $7.2 billion (1992 est.) National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1992 est.) National product per capita: $260 (1992 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues $495 million; expenditures $631 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million (FY90) Exports: $422 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal partners: FRG, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US Imports: $1.43 billion (c.i.f., 1991) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs partners: FRG, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark External debt: $6.44 billion (1992) Industrial production: growth rate 9.3% (1990); accounts for 7% of GDP Electricity: 405,000 kW capacity; 600 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1991) Industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer Agriculture: accounts for over 58% of GDP; topography and climatic conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area; cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, vegetables; small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production *Tanzania, Economy Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $9.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million Currency: 1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 325.00 (November 1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.38 (1989), 99.29 (1988), 64.26 (1987) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June *Tanzania, Communications Railroads: 3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067-meter gauge (including the 962 km Tazara Railroad); 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, including 6.4 km double track; 115 km of 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade Highways: 81,900 km total, 3,600 km paved; 5,600 km gravel or crushed stone; 72,700 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa Pipelines: crude oil 982 km Ports: Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, and Zanzibar are ocean ports; Mwanza on Lake Victoria and Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika are inland ports Merchant marine: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,185 GRT/22,916 DWT; includes 2 passenger-cargo, 2 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 oil tanker Airports: total: 103 usable: 92 with permanent-surface runways: 12 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 40 Telecommunications: fair system operating below capacity; open wire, radio relay, and troposcatter; 103,800 telephones; broadcast stations - 12 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station *Tanzania, Defense Forces Branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; including Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia Manpower availability: males age 15-49 5,835,064; fit for military service 3,375,567 (1993 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP